Prefecture-level city · Zhejiang

Ningbo 宁波市

Ningbo is a sub-provincial city in the northeast of Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. It comprises six urban districts, two satellite county-level cities, and two rural counties, including several islands in Hangzhou Bay and the East China Sea. Ningbo is the southern economic center of the Yangtze Delta megalopolis, which includes Shanghai among other cities. The port of Ningbo–Zhoushan, spread across several locations, is the world's busiest port by cargo tonnage and the world's third-busiest container port since 2010.

Location of Zhejiang, the surrounding province-level areaView province guide

Get to know Ningbo

The courtyard of the City God Temple in Ningbo (宁波城隍庙), photographed in October 2021.
The courtyard of the City God Temple in Ningbo (宁波城隍庙), photographed in October 2021. Photograph date recorded by the source: 2021-10-23 14:53:33. · Siyuwj · CC BY-SA 4.0
Photo adjustments

Full frame retained; proportionally resized and converted to WebP. No retouching or changes to the photographed subject. Card displays may crop the view.

Administrative area
Prefecture-level city · 地级市
Part of
Zhejiang
Chinese name
宁波市
Local areas
10 local areas

Area & population

Area in the source
9,816.23 km²
Population · 2022 census
9,618,000
Administrative seat
Yinzhou

Source: cited geographic source, as of the dates shown.

Ningbo is the core city and center of the Ningbo Metropolitan Area. To the north, Hangzhou Bay separates Ningbo from Shanghai; to the east lies Zhoushan in the East China Sea; on the west and south, Ningbo borders Shaoxing and Taizhou respectively.

Explore Ningbo

Core places to explore, with English and Chinese names.

Places to explore around Ningbo

The courtyard of the City God Temple in Ningbo (宁波城隍庙), photographed in October 2021.The courtyard of the City God Temple in Ningbo (宁波城隍庙), photographed in October 2021. Photograph date recorded by the source: 2021-10-23 14:53:33.

Ningbo宁波

Ningbo’s old centre joins a scholarly lake district with the river junction that supported its trading history. Tianyi Ge preserves the setting of a private library and garden, while Moon Lake provides a broader public water…

Read the place guide →The garden at Tianyi Pavilion Museum (Tianyi Ge), Ningbo, Zhejiang.The garden at Tianyi Pavilion Museum (Tianyi Ge), Ningbo, Zhejiang.

Tianyi Ge天一阁

Tianyi Ge combines Fan Qin’s historic private library with a Jiangnan garden and other traditional buildings. The two-storey library faces a pond intended to help protect the books from fire, giving the water both practical and…

Read the place guide →Moon Lake Park in Ningbo, October 2015.Moon Lake Park in Ningbo, October 2015.

Moon Lake (Ningbo)月湖

Moon Lake forms a historic water landscape in Ningbo’s Haishu old city. Its stone-arched Central Lake East Bridge and the water-level stele near Pingqiao River connect scenic design with practical water management. Shrines and…

Read the place guide →Qianzhangyan cliff and waterfall at Xuedou Mountain near Ningbo, December 2024.Qianzhangyan cliff and waterfall at Xuedou Mountain near Ningbo, December 2024.

Xuedou Mountain雪窦山

An 800-metre Fenghua peak with Xuedou Temple, a 33-metre bronze Maitreya, the Qianzhangyan waterfall and Chiang Kai-shek's villa.

Read the place guide →The Buddha Hall and courtyard at Tiantong Temple, Ningbo; 28 July 2013.The Buddha Hall and courtyard at Tiantong Temple, Ningbo; 28 July 2013.

Tiantong Temple天童寺

Tiantong Temple occupies a wooded setting below Taibai Peak east of Ningbo. Its rebuilt Ming-and-Qing-style ensemble runs through the mountain gate and Heavenly Kings Hall toward the Mahavira Hall, with bell and drum towers to…

Read the place guide →The modern entrance archway at the Temple of King Ashoka in Ningbo, July 2013.The modern entrance archway at the Temple of King Ashoka in Ningbo, July 2013.

Ashoka Temple阿育王寺

Ningbo’s Temple of King Ashoka centres on the veneration of a relic traditionally associated with the Buddha. The main axis moves past a release-life pond and the Heavenly Kings Hall toward the Mahavira Hall and Hall of Sarira…

Read the place guide →The south entrance and angular exterior of Ningbo Museum, Zhejiang; 15 January 2012.The south entrance and angular exterior of Ningbo Museum, Zhejiang; 15 January 2012.

Ningbo Museum宁波博物院

Ningbo Museum turns salvaged bricks and tiles into a rugged building recalling mountains and a village roofscape. Wang Shu’s design contrasts patched masonry with bamboo-imprinted concrete, while courts and openings break up the…

Read the place guide →Stone marker inscribed '河姆渡遗址' beside a tree, with reconstructed site structures behindSite marker and grounds of the Hemudu Site, Yuyao · 河姆渡遗址标志碑及遗址园区，余姚市 Source-recorded photograph date: 2017-08-12 09:10:59.

Hemudu Site河姆渡遗址

Hemudu reveals a Neolithic settlement beside the Yao River through rice remains, timber construction and distinctive pottery. Excavations exposed posts and building elements associated with raised longhouses, together with tools…

Read the place guide →Hehuaxin kiln remains at Shanglin Lake Yue Kiln Site · 上林湖越窑遗址荷花芯窑炉Hehuaxin kiln remains at Shanglin Lake Yue Kiln Site · 上林湖越窑遗址荷花芯窑炉 Photograph date recorded by the source: 6 October 2018, 14:38:52.

Shanglin Lake Kiln Site上林湖越窑遗址

The Shanglin Lake kilns connect Yue celadon with the places where it was fired. At Hehuaxin, the exposed dragon-kiln structure explains the firing process; Housi’ao preserves evidence of workshops and pottery waste associated…

Read the place guide →Baoguo Temple roofs in their wooded setting, Ningbo · 宁波保国寺山林院景Baoguo Temple roofs in their wooded setting, Ningbo · 宁波保国寺山林院景 Photograph date recorded by the source: 19 February 2015, 14:05:37.

Baoguo Temple保国寺

Baoguo Temple is a study in timber construction on the southern slope of Lingshan. Its main hall retains a Northern Song core dated to 1013, enclosed by later alterations and expanded eaves. Fluted, assembled columns, bracket…

Read the place guide →China Port Museum exterior, Ningbo · 宁波中国港口博物馆外观China Port Museum exterior, Ningbo · 宁波中国港口博物馆外观 Photograph date recorded by the source: 18 October 2014, 14:03:01.

China Port Museum中国港口博物馆

The China Port Museum in Beilun connects maritime history with the machinery and organization of modern harbours. Its paired, shell-like forms and sail-like glass-and-steel roof make the building part of the subject. Inside…

Read the place guide →Lingxing Gate of Cicheng Confucian Temple, Cicheng Ancient Town · 慈城古县城孔庙棂星门Lingxing Gate of Cicheng Confucian Temple, Cicheng Ancient Town · 慈城古县城孔庙棂星门 Photograph date recorded by the source: 27 July 2013, 12:59:31.

Cicheng ancient town慈城古县城

Cicheng retains the street pattern and buildings of a former county seat within present-day Ningbo. The Confucian Temple makes education and ritual visible in a formal compound, while traditional residences such as the Fuzi…

Read the place guide →Xikou–Tengtou Tourism Area (溪口滕头旅游景区)Xikou–Tengtou Tourism Area (溪口滕头旅游景区), Fenghua District. Photograph: "Wenchang Pavilion, Xikou, 2019-04-13 25".

Xikou–Tengtou Tourism Area溪口滕头旅游景区

Xikou–Tengtou is a combined tourism area in Ningbo's Fenghua District, linking Xikou's historical and mountain attractions with Tengtou village.

Read the place guide →A modern museum building with an angular sail-shaped roof and wide entrance plazaThe exterior of the Hemudu Site Museum in Yuyao, Ningbo · 宁波市余姚市河姆渡遗址博物馆外景 Source-recorded photograph date: 2017-08-12 10:41:48.

Hemudu Site Museum河姆渡遗址博物馆

Hemudu Site Museum stands beside the archaeological site in Yuyao, within the wider Ningbo area.

Read the place guide →Siming Mountain Forest Scenic Area (四明山森林景区)Siming Mountain Forest Scenic Area · 四明山森林景区

Siming Mountain Forest Scenic Area四明山森林景区

The Siming Mountain forest landscape in Yuyao centres on a highland park of mature woodland, rocky slopes and mountain lakes in Simingshan Town.

Read the place guide →Xikou Chiang Family Hometown (溪口蒋氏故里)Xikou Chiang Family Hometown (溪口蒋氏故里), Fenghua District. Photograph: "Wenchang Pavilion, Xikou, 2019-04-13 25".

Xikou Chiang Family Hometown溪口蒋氏故里

Xikou’s Jiang family hometown preserves a group of residences associated with Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo along the town’s historic streets and Shanxi Stream.

Read the place guide →A narrow stone street beside a small water channel lined with old housesA stone-paved lane beside its water channel in Qiantong Ancient Town, Ninghai County · 宁海前童古镇石板路与水圳 Source-recorded photograph date: 2011-04-10 08:37:05.

Qiantong Ancient Town前童古镇

Qiantong is a historic settlement in Ninghai County, in the Ningbo area of Zhejiang.

Read the place guide →AI illustration of a general rocky mountain scene; not a photograph or an exact view of this place.AI illustration · AI 示意图（仅供参考，非该地点实拍）

Zhedong Grand Canyon浙东大峡谷

A gorge and lake landscape in the Tiantai Mountains of Ninghai, Ningbo, with a 20-km main gorge, Feilong Lake and Taoist legends.

Read the place guide →A large dark-timber paifang spanning a paved square: layered upturned eaves with dragon ridge figures, the central plaque 鳴鶴古鎮 and side plaques 市繁華 / 名聞浙雨 in gold, stone piers on carved bases, a cyclist passing beneath and a yellow building behind.A large dark-timber paifang spanning a paved square: layered upturned eaves with dragon ridge figures, the central plaque 鳴鶴古鎮 and side plaques 市繁華 / 名聞浙雨 in gold, stone piers on carved bases, a cyclist passing beneath and a yellow building behind.

Minghe Ancient Town鸣鹤古镇

Tang-era town in Cixi between Du and Baiyang lakes, home of Chinese-medicine merchants and rice cakes; a China Historical and Cultural Town.

Read the place guide →Night view of the Ningbo Old Bund entrance arch with pedestrians on the streetThe entrance gate to Ningbo Old Bund, lit up at night, in Jiangbei District · 宁波老外滩入口牌坊夜景，江北区 Source-recorded photograph date: 2021-10-30 19:12:49.

Ningbo Old Bund老外滩

Ningbo's Old Bund is a historic waterfront district at the meeting of the Yong, Fenghua and Yao rivers.

Read the place guide →Rockery passage inside the garden of Tianyi Pavilion Museum, Ningbo · 宁波天一阁花园假山Rockery passage inside the garden of Tianyi Pavilion Museum, Ningbo · 宁波天一阁花园假山. Source-recorded photograph date: 2011-09-24 11:03:01.

Tianyi Pavilion Museum天一阁博物院

Tianyi Pavilion Museum in Ningbo centres on the private library established by the Ming official Fan Qin in 1561.

Read the place guide →Stone weir of Tuoshan Yan spanning the Yin RiverThe ancient stone weir of Tuoshan Yan on the Yin River, Haishu District, Ningbo · 宁波海曙区鄞江它山堰 Source-recorded photograph date: 2017-07-01 10:27:13.

Tashan Weir它山堰

Stone weir of 833 in Ningbo's Yinjiang Town that splits the river to hold back tides and feed the plain; a World Heritage Irrigation Structure.

Read the place guide →Old stone arch bridge over a canal lined with traditional Chinese buildingsCanal-side view of Nantang Old Street in Haishu District, Ningbo, with the stone arch bridge and traditional riverside buildings · 宁波市海曙区南塘老街，河道石拱桥与临河传统建筑 Source-recorded photograph date: Taken on 25 October 2015.

Nantang Old Street南塘老街

Nantang Old Street is a historic commercial district beside the Nantang River in Ningbo's Haishu area.

Read the place guide →Aerial dusk view of Tianyi Square and the surrounding Ningbo skylineDusk skyline over Tianyi Square, Haishu District, Ningbo · 宁波海曙区天一广场夜景 Source-recorded photograph date: 2020-02-10.

Tianyi Square天一广场

Shopping complex opened in 2002 in central Ningbo around a square with a musical fountain, water screen and the rebuilt Church of the Assumption.

Read the place guide →Narrow stone alley strung with colourful paper decorations and lanterns leading to an arched gate in the old fishing townA lantern-decorated alley leading to the old town gate of Shipu Fishing Port Ancient Town, Xiangshan County · 象山县石浦渔港古城，挂满彩灯的老街通往城门 Source-recorded photograph date: Taken on 3 May 2015.

Shipu Fishing Port Ancient City石浦渔港古城

Shipu Fishing Port Old Town climbs the hills above the harbour in Xiangshan, with stepped lanes, terraced houses and streets shaped by fishing and maritime trade.

Read the place guide →AI illustration of a general coastal shore scene; not a photograph or an exact view of this place.AI illustration · AI 示意图（仅供参考，非该地点实拍）

Dongdan Sports Beach东旦时尚运动海滩

Dongdan Sports Beach is a crescent of sand beside Dongdan Village in Xiangshan's Dongchen Township, with a coastal identity built around sailing and windsurfing.

Read the place guide →China Fishing Village (中国渔村)China Fishing Village · 中国渔村

China Fishing Village中国渔村

China Fishing Village is a modern seaside leisure development at Huangcheng Beach in Shipu, combining a sandy shore with fishing-culture themes.

Read the place guide →Ornamental gate at the Xiangshan Global Studios film setGate of the Spring and Autumn/Warring States set at Xiangshan Film and Television City, Ningbo · 宁波象山影视城春秋战国城城门 Source-recorded photograph date: 2011-11-23.

Xiangshan Film City象山影视城

Studio town in Xiangshan, Ningbo, begun in 2003 for The Return of the Condor Heroes, with Song, Warring States, Tang and Republican-era sets.

Read the place guide →A wooden dock extending into a lake with mountains along the far shoreA small dock on Dong Qian Hu (Dongqian Lake) in Yinzhou District, Ningbo · 宁波市鄞州区东钱湖边小码头 Source-recorded photograph date: 2012-08-26 01:27:14.

Dongqian Lake东钱湖

Dongqian Lake is a large freshwater lake in Ningbo's Yinzhou area, surrounded by villages, cultural sites and recreational shorelines.

Read the place guide →

Local life & food

Ningbo local specialties

宁波市特色美食 · 15 specialties to discover

Ningbo fish with preserved greens · 雪菜大黄鱼 · AI dish illustrationNingbo fish with preserved greens 雪菜大黄鱼AI dish illustration · AI 菜品示意图

Tender fish contrasts with the finely chopped greens' slight bite. The preserved vegetables give depth and salt without requiring a thick dark sauce.

Source ↗Read the dish guide →
Ningbo fried dough twists · 油赞子 · AI dish illustrationNingbo fried dough twists 油赞子AI illustration · AI 示意图

The narrow strands give a brittle crunch and toasted aroma, with sweetness or saltiness changing the finish. The texture is lighter than a dense filled pastry.

Source ↗Read the dish guide →
Ningbo sweet rice balls · 宁波汤圆 · AI dish illustrationNingbo sweet rice balls 宁波汤圆AI illustration · AI 示意图

The wrapper is soft and elastic, while the center becomes fluid, aromatic and very hot. Plain cooking liquid keeps attention on the filling.

Source ↗Read the dish guide →
Ningbo slow-braised greens · 宁波烤菜 · AI dish illustrationNingbo slow-braised greens 宁波烤菜AI dish illustration / AI 菜品示意图

The flavour is savoury with a gentle sweet note, and the texture is deliberately soft. This is a different vegetable experience from a quick stir-fry that aims to keep every stem bright and crisp.

Source ↗Read the dish guide →
AI illustration: A deep ceramic bowl of cooked bone-in fish chunks in pale broth.Yellow Croaker Soup with Pickled Greens 雪菜大汤黄鱼AI illustration · AI 示意图（仅供参考，非实拍）

Yellow Croaker Soup with Pickled Greens (雪菜大汤黄鱼) is a Ningbo (宁波) dish pairing yellow croaker with locally preserved xuelihong (雪里蕻) mustard greens.

Read the dish guide →
Brined Raw Crab with Red Roe (红膏炝蟹) — dish photographBrined Raw Crab with Red Roe 红膏炝蟹

Brined Raw Crab with Red Roe (红膏炝蟹) is a cold dish associated with Ningbo (宁波), made with roe-rich swimming crabs.

Read the dish guide →
Photo: Source photographer · License not provided
Photo adjustments

EXIF orientation normalized; resized without changing aspect ratio; converted to WebP. No subject edits.

AI illustration: An oval plate with one cooked whole freshwater fish in light brown sauce.Seaweed-Battered Yellow Croaker 苔菜拖黄鱼AI illustration · AI 示意图（仅供参考，非实拍）

Seaweed-Battered Yellow Croaker (苔菜拖黄鱼) is a Ningbo (宁波) dish of yellow croaker fried in batter and flavoured with taitiao (苔条), a dried green seaweed from the local shore.

Read the dish guide →
AI illustration: A stylized welcoming Chinese dining table seen slightly from above.Rock Sugar Braised Soft-Shell Turtle 冰糖甲鱼AI illustration · AI 示意图（仅供参考，非实拍）

Rock Sugar Braised Soft-Shell Turtle (冰糖甲鱼) is soft-shell turtle cooked with rock sugar, a traditional signature dish of Ningbo (宁波), Zhejiang.

Read the dish guide →
All dish names · 全部菜名 (15)

More dishes from across Zhejiang are in the Zhejiang food guide.

EXPLORE THE NEXT LEVEL

Counties & districts in Ningbo

10 areas belong directly to Ningbo.

10 areas

District

Haishu District 海曙区

Haishu is a county-level district under the jurisdiction of Ningbo city in Zhejiang Province of the People's Republic of China.

Explore the area →District

Jiangbei District 江北区

Jiangbei District is a county-level district under the jurisdiction of Ningbo city in Zhejiang Province of the People's Republic of China.

Explore the area →District

Beilun District 北仑区

Beilun (simplified Chinese: 北仑区; traditional Chinese: 北侖區; pinyin: Běilún Qū; Wu: Poh-len Chiu) is a district of Ningbo in Zhejiang province, China.

Explore the area →District

Zhenhai District 镇海区

Zhenhai is a district and former county of Ningbo city in Zhejiang Province in eastern China. It has a population of 200,000.

Explore the area →
View all 10 areasShow fewer areas

Plan your visit

Build your route

Ningbo and Tianyi Ge are about 9 km apart in a straight line. The linked place guides have entrance and visit details.

Continue with Zhejiang →

More in Zhejiang

Hangzhou杭州市 →Wenzhou温州市 →Jiaxing嘉兴市 →Huzhou湖州市 →Shaoxing绍兴市 →Jinhua金华市 →Quzhou衢州市 →Zhoushan舟山市 →
Sources & geographic information

Administrative names and parent areas: Official geographic directory · Reference date 2026-09-06.

Background text adapted from Ningbo — Wikipedia contributors, under CC BY-SA 4.0. Text has been shortened and reorganized; source revision 1373015885.

Photo: Ningbo · Siyuwj · CC BY-SA 4.0. Full frame retained; proportionally resized and converted to WebP. No retouching or changes to the photographed subject. Card displays may crop the view.

Photo: Tianyi Ge · Siyuwj · CC BY-SA 3.0. Proportionally resized and converted to WebP without cropping, retouching or changing the photographed subject.

Photo: Moon Lake (Ningbo) · rheins · CC BY 3.0. Proportionally resized and converted to WebP without cropping, retouching or changing the photographed subject.

Photo: Xuedou Mountain · Brookqi · CC0. Proportionally resized and converted to WebP without cropping, retouching or changing the photographed subject.

Photo: Tiantong Temple · Zhangzhugang · CC BY-SA 3.0. Proportionally resized and converted to WebP without cropping, retouching or changing the photographed subject.

Photo: Ashoka Temple · Zhangzhugang · CC BY-SA 3.0. Proportionally resized and converted to WebP without cropping, retouching or changing the photographed subject.

Photo: Ningbo Museum · Siyuwj · CC BY-SA 3.0. Proportionally resized and converted to WebP without cropping, retouching or changing the photographed subject.

Photo: Hemudu Site · Siyuwj · CC BY-SA 4.0. Full frame retained; proportionally resized and converted to WebP. No retouching or changes to the photographed subject. Card displays may crop the view.

Photo: Shanglin Lake Kiln Site · Siyuwj · Siyuwj — Yue-Kiln_sites_at_Shanglin_Lake,_2018-10-06_06.jpg — CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Full frame retained; proportionally resized and converted to WebP. No retouching or changes to the photographed subject. Card displays may crop the view.

Photo: Baoguo Temple · Siyuwj · Siyuwj — Ningbo_Baoguo_Temple,_2015-02-19_05.jpg — CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Full frame retained; proportionally resized and converted to WebP. No retouching or changes to the photographed subject. Card displays may crop the view.

Photo: China Port Museum · Siyuwj · Siyuwj — Outside_China_Port_Museum,_2014-10-18_01.JPG — CC BY-SA 4.0 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Full frame retained; proportionally resized and converted to WebP. No retouching or changes to the photographed subject. Card displays may crop the view.

Photo: Cicheng ancient town · Zhangzhugang · Zhangzhugang — Cicheng_Kongmiao_2013.07.27_12-59-31.jpg — CC BY-SA 3.0 · CC BY-SA 3.0. Full frame retained; proportionally resized and converted to WebP. No retouching or changes to the photographed subject. Card displays may crop the view.

Photo: Xikou–Tengtou Tourism Area · Siyuwj · CC BY-SA 4.0. Full frame retained; EXIF orientation normalized, proportionally resized to at most 800 pixels and converted to WebP. No generated pixels or subject changes. Cards may crop the display.

Photo: Hemudu Site Museum · Siyuwj · CC BY-SA 4.0. Full frame retained; proportionally resized and converted to WebP. No retouching or changes to the photographed subject. Card displays may crop the view.

Photo: Siming Mountain Forest Scenic Area · Source photographer · License not provided. EXIF orientation normalized; resized without changing aspect ratio; converted to WebP. No subject edits.

Photo: Xikou Chiang Family Hometown · Siyuwj · CC BY-SA 4.0. Full frame retained; EXIF orientation normalized, proportionally resized to at most 800 pixels and converted to WebP. No generated pixels or subject changes. Cards may crop the display.

Photo: Qiantong Ancient Town · Siyuwj · CC BY-SA 3.0. Full frame retained; proportionally resized and converted to WebP. No retouching or changes to the photographed subject. Card displays may crop the view.

Photo: Minghe Ancient Town · Mir7ror · CC BY-SA 3.0. Full frame retained; proportionally resized and converted to WebP. No retouching or changes to the photographed subject. Card displays may crop the view.

Photo: Ningbo Old Bund · 西安兵马俑 · CC BY-SA 4.0. Full frame retained; proportionally resized and converted to WebP. No retouching or changes to the photographed subject. Card displays may crop the view.

Photo: Tianyi Pavilion Museum · Siyuwj · CC BY-SA 3.0. Full source framing retained; proportionally resized and converted to WebP. No retouching or subject alteration. Card displays may crop the view.

Photo: Tashan Weir · Siyuwj · CC BY-SA 4.0. Full frame retained; proportionally resized and converted to WebP. No retouching or changes to the photographed subject. Card displays may crop the view.

Photo: Nantang Old Street · rheins · CC BY 3.0. Full frame retained; proportionally resized and converted to WebP. No retouching or changes to the photographed subject. Card displays may crop the view.

Photo: Tianyi Square · Nbfreeh · CC BY-SA 4.0. Full frame retained; proportionally resized and converted to WebP. No retouching or changes to the photographed subject. Card displays may crop the view.

Photo: Shipu Fishing Port Ancient City · Danny Luo · CC BY-SA 3.0. Full frame retained; proportionally resized and converted to WebP. No retouching or changes to the photographed subject. Card displays may crop the view.

Photo: China Fishing Village · Source photographer · License not provided. EXIF orientation normalized; resized without changing aspect ratio; converted to WebP. No subject edits.

Photo: Xiangshan Film City · Siyuwj · CC BY-SA 3.0. Full frame retained; proportionally resized and converted to WebP. No retouching or changes to the photographed subject. Card displays may crop the view.

Photo: Dongqian Lake · Siyuwj · CC BY-SA 3.0. Full frame retained; proportionally resized and converted to WebP. No retouching or changes to the photographed subject. Card displays may crop the view.

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